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Farmers' League ((ドイツ語:Bund der Landwirte), BdL, (チェコ語:Německý svaz zemědělců)) was an ethnic German agrarian political party in Czechoslovakia. Ideologically the party was moderately conservative, having its base in the Sudetenland countryside.〔Giovanni Capoccia. ''(Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe )''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. p. 76〕 The party was led by Franz Spina. ''Landjugend'' was the youth wing of the party.〔Capoccia, Giovanni. ''(Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe )''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. p. 82〕 In the 1920 election, the party won 11 seats (3.9% of the nationwide vote).〔Capoccia, Giovanni. ''(Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe )''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. p. 75〕 In the 1925 election, BdL won 24 parliamentary seats (8% of the vote).〔 Following the election, BdL joined the Czechoslovak government. Spina became a national minister. After having entered the government the party began cooperation with the Czechoslovak agrarians.〔〔 In the 1929 election, the BdL parliamentary presence was halved. The party got 12 seats, having got 4% of the national vote.〔 After the DNP and DNSAP had been banned in October 1933, the political atmosphere in Sudetenland changed. The BdL came under pressure from rightwing radicals in ''Landjugend'', and formed a movement called ''Landstand'' led by Gustav Hacker (the leader of ''Landjugend''). ''Landstand'' was formed with the intention of enabling cooperation with the ''Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront'' (SHF). Through the creation of ''Landstand'', it is possible that BdL sought to pre-empt competition from SHF in the Sudetenland countryside. BdL hoped to achieve a division of labour between ''Landstand'' and SHF, thinking that SHF would mobilize urban populace and BdL/''Landstand'' would retain their dominance over rural German politics. These overtures to the SHF caused rifts in the Czechoslovak government. The DSAP (German Social Democrats), who were also in the government, were particularly worried and called upon BdL to differentiate themselves from 'the fascists'. In the end, BdL was side-lined as the Czechoslovak agrarians began to cooperate directly with SHF. ''Landstand'' became a short-lived movement.〔〔Capoccia, Giovanni. ''(Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe )''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. pp. 83-85〕 In the 1935 election, BdL gathered 1.7% of the national vote. The party got five parliamentary seats.〔 The party suffered badly from the competition from the Sudeten German Party (SdP), the new incarnation of SHF. After the election, BdL began to reorient itself towards cooperation with democratic forces, declaring their support to Edvard Beneš as president just before the election. But the party suffered continuously from defections from its ranks.〔Capoccia, Giovanni. ''(Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe )''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. pp. 86-88〕 In the new scenario, BdL was divided into two fractions. One led by Hackner, who had become chairman of the party, and another led by Spina. After the ''Anschluß'' of Austria, Hacker called on all BdL members to join SdP. The situation in BdL became more and more chaotic. On March 22, 1938, Hacker proclaimed himself as the 'plenipotentiary' of BdL, and went on to declare the party to merged into SdP. The Spina-led fraction tried to regroup, but failed to reconstruct the BdL.〔Capoccia, Giovanni. ''(Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe )''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. p. 89〕 ==Footnotes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Farmers' League」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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